Was Napoleon Bonaparte the Saviour or the Destroyer of the...

With all the glory and the splendour that some countries may have experienced, never has history seen how only only one man, Napoleon, brought up his country, France, from its most tormented status, to the very pinnacle of its height in just a few years time. He was a military hero who won splendid land-based battles, which allowed him to dominate most of the European continent. He was a man with ambition, great self-control and calculation, a great strategist, a genius; whatever it was, he was simply the best. But, even though how great this person was, something about how he governed France still floats among peoples minds. Did he abuse his power? Did Napoleon defeat the purpose of the ideals of the French Revolution? After all of his†¦show more content†¦He satisfied their hunger for liberty, equality, and fraternity. br brPerhaps one of the most important and lasting contributions that Napoleon gave to the French people was the Civil Code or most widely known as the Napoleonic Code. This was written at a time in history when discrimination was rampant. It was then that Napoleon decided to liberate and offer Liberty, Equality and Fraternity to the Jews, Protestants, and other religions as well. He also opened the churches that were closed for years. In this part of the essay, I will talk most about how and why he promoted freedom of religion. br brNapoleon Bonaparte was never that deeply religious. He showed that to everybody during his coronation as the Emperor of France: he took the crown from Pope Pius VII and placed it on his own head. That was a clear indication that religion had nothing to do with Napoleons coronation. He wanted to prove that France chose him. But there was a contradiction to this when he allowed freedom of religion all over France. Why is this? Is he that religious? Weve just seen how he clearly showed to everybody that religion has nothing to do with him being an Emperor. But, if we dig a little bit deeper, we can actually see that Napoleon didnt just think of himself when he made such laws. He wanted not only the Frenchmen to be happy, but also the Jews and other races. After he signed the Concordat, churches of France reopened in April 1802, and theShow MoreRelatedNapoleon And The French Revolution1349 Words   |  6 Pageshistory seen how only only one man, Napoleon, brought up his country France from its most tormented status, to the very pinnacle of its height in just a few years time. He was a military hero who won splendid land-based battles, which allowed him to dominate most of the European continent. He was a man with ambition, great self-control and calculation, a great strategist, a genius; whatever it was, he was simply the best. But, even though how great this person was, something about how he governed France

List of Jewish Schools in New Jersey

Here is a list of Jewish schools in New Jersey, organized alphabetically by town. Adelphia Talmudical Academy of New Jersey Route 524, P.O. Box 7, Adelphia, NJ 07710732 431 1600Grades 9-12, All Boys Asbury Park Hillel Yeshiva High School 1027 Deal Road, Asbury Park, NJ 07712732-493-0420Grades 9-12, Coed Bayonne Yeshiva Gedolah of Bayonne 735 Avenue C, Bayonne, NJ 07002201 339 7258Grades 9-12, All Boys Bergenfield Yeshivat Noam School 139 South Washington Avenue, Bergenfield, NJ 07621201 439 1919Nursery School Summer Camp Bridgewater The Preschool Place Kindergarten N Bridge Street, Box 6007, Bridgewater, NJ 08807908 722 0101PKK Cherry Hill Congregation Mkor Shalom Preschool 850 Eversham Rd NJ 08003856 424 7339 Delaware Valley Torah Institute 31 Maple Avenue NJ 08002856 482 8230Grades 9-11, All Boys Katz Jewish Community Center E 1301 Springdale Rd NJ 08003856 424 4444 Politz Day School 720 Cooper Landing Road NJ 08002856 667 1013 Temple Beth Sholom 1901 Kresson At Croppwell NJ 08003856 751 0994 Clifton Clifton Ym Ywha 199 Scoles Avenue NJ 07012973 779 2980PK K Mesivta of Clifton 338 Delawanna Ave, Clifton, NJ 07014973-779-4800Grades 10-12, All Boys Deal Park The Center Play Sch Jewish 100 Grant Ave NJ 07723732 531 9100 East Brunswick Solomon Schechter Day School 511 Ryders Lane NJ 08816732 238 7971 Temple Bnai Shalom Po Box 957 NJ 08816732-251-4300 East Windsor Morris Namias Shalom Torah Acd 639 Abbington Drive, East Windsor, NJ 08520609 443 4877 Edison Rabbi Jacob Joseph Yeshiva 1 Plainfield Avenue, Edison, NJ 08817732 985 6533Grades 9-12, All Boys Rabbi Pesach Raymon Yeshiva 2 Harrison Street NJ 08817732 572 5052 Egg Harbor Township Trocki Hebrew Academy of Alant 6814 Black Horse Pike NJ08234 609 383 8484 Elberon Ilan High School 250 Park Avenue NJ 07740732 870 2800 Elizabeth Bruriah High School For Girls 35 North Avenue NJ 07208908 355 4850 Jewish Educational Center 330 Elmora Ave NJ 072089083534446 Englewood Moriah School of Englewood 53 South Woodland Street NJ 07631201 567 0208 Yeshiva Ohr Hatalmud of Englewood 101 West Forest Avenue, Englewood, NJ 07631201 816 1800Grades 9-12, All Boys Fairlawn Helen Troum Nurery School Kindergarten 4-10 Fair Lawn Ave 25 NJ 07410201 797 2865 Franklin Lakes Barnert Temple Preschool 747 Route 208 South NJ 07417201 848 1027 Highland Park Atid Po Box 1503 NJ 089047329856378 Reenas Bais Yaakov 1131 Raritan Ave, Highland Park, NJ 08904732-985-5646Grades 10-12, All Girls Ym-ywha of Raritan Valley 2 South Adelaide Avenue NJ 08904732 249 2221 Hillsborough Temple Beth El School 67 Us 206 NJ 08844908 704 1712 Howell Solomon Schechter Academy 395 Kent Road NJ 07731 732 370 1767 Lakewood Bais Faiga Park Avenue Campus 100 Park Ave NJ 08701732 367 6708 Bais Kaila Torah Preparatory High School for Girls Po Box 952, Lakewood, NJ 08701732 370 4300Grades 9-12, All Girls Bais Rivka Rochel School 285 River Avenue NJ 08701732 367 4855Grades K-8, Coed Bais Shaindel High School For Girls 299 Monmouth Avenue, Lakewood, NJ 08701732 363 7074Grades 9-12, All Girls Bais Tova Inc. 961 E County Line Rd NJ 08701732 901 3913 Bais Yaakov Bnos Chayil School 124 Gudz Road NJ 08701732 886 5100 Bais Yaakov Bnos Rivka 1501 Canterbury Road NJ 08701732 370 0100 Bnos Bais Yaakov Tzipa Grumet High School 155 Oberlin Ave N, Lakewood, NJ 08701732-363-0329Grades 9-12, All Girls Bais Yaakov High School of Lakewood 277 James st., Lakewood, NJ 08701732-370-8200Grades 9-12, All Girls Bezal-el Yeshiva 419 5th St NJ 08701732 363 1748 Bnos Brocha 763 River Ave, Lakewood, NJ 08701732-905-3030Grades K-6, All Girls Bnos Devora 243 Prospect St., Lakewood, NJ 08701732-905-4455Grades K-2, All Girls Bnos Yaakon Elementary School 2 Kent Road, Lakewood, NJ 08701732 363 1400Grades KG-8, All Girls Cheder Toras Zev 108 Chateau Drive, Lakewood, NJ 08701732-901-5060Grades K-2, All Boys Jewish Education for Girls 1050 Tuxedo Ter, Lakewood, NJ 08701 Lakewood Cheder School for Boys 901 Madison Ave Po Box 838 NJ 08701732 364 1552 Lakewood Cheder School for Girls 350 Courtney Road NJ 08701732 363 5070 Mesivta Keser Torah 455 14th Street, Lakewood, NJ 08701732 681 5656Grades 9-12, All Boys Mesivta of Lakewood 415 6th Street NJ 08701732 367 7345 Mesivta Nachlas Yisroel 1441 Oakwood Ave, Lakewood, NJ 08701914-261-8445Grades 9-12, Coed Mesivta Pe’er Hatorah 501 Prospect St., Lakewood, NJ 08701732-370-2362Grades 9-12, All Boys Mikor Hatorah 7 Sequoia St, Lakewood, NJ 08701732-370-0570Grades 9-12, All Boys NJ Center For Judaic Study 801 West Kennedy Blvd NJ 08701732 363 9817 Ohr Chodosh 1015 Park Avenue NJ 08701732 364 7062 Oros Bais Yakov 50 Lapsley Lane, Lakewood, NJ 08701732-370-6049Grades 9-12, All Girls Talmud Torah Ohr Elchonon 805 Cross St. Ste 1, Lakewood, NJ 08701732 730 2820Grades 1-8, 191 Students, All Boys Tashbar of Lakewood 655 Princeton Ave NJ 08701732 905 1111 Tiferes Bais Yaakov 170 Oberlin Ave N #8 NJ 08701732 364 0466 Torah Institute of Lakewood 327 Carey Street NJ 08701732 905 9830 Toras Imecha 1 E 13th St NJ 08701732 730 1259 Yeshiva Bais Aharon 1430 14th Street, Lakewood, NJ 08701732-367-7604Grades 9-12, All Boys Yeshiva Bais Pinchos 1951 New Central Ave, Lakewood, NJ 08701732-367-2880Grades 9-12, All Boys Yeshiva Bais Yisroel High School 423 6th St, Lakewood, NJ 08701732-691-2907Grades 10-12, All Boys Yeshiva Birchas Chaim 960 West Kennedy Blvd NJ 08701732 370 2182Grades 9-12, All Boys Yeshiva Chayei Olam 14 E 11th St, Lakewood, NJ 08701732-363-1267Grades 9-12, All Boys Yeshiva Ktana of Lakewood 120 2nd St, Lakewood, NJ 08701732 363 0303Grades KG-12, All Boys Yeshiva Gedolah Meor Hatorah 66 Tova Dr., Lakewood, NJ 08701732-367-7590Grades 9-12, All Boys Yeshiva Gedola of Woodlake Village PO Box 974, Lakewood, NJ 08701732-730-2808Grades 10-12, All Boys Yeshiva Keter Torah 209 2nd Street NJ 08701732 961 9731 Yeshiva Masoras Avos 23 Congress St NJ 08701732 942 7522 Yeshiva Orchos Chaim 410 Oberlin Avenue South NJ 08701732 370 0799 Yeshiva Shaarei Orah 685 8th St, Lakewood, NJ 08701732-995-6701Grades 9-11, All Boys Yeshiva Tiferes Torah 75 East End Avenue Po Box 420 NJ 08701732 370 9889 Yeshiva Toras Aron 500 Summer Ave, Lakewood, NJ 08701732-360-9980Grades KG-6, All Boys Yeshiva Toras Chaim PO Box 16, Lakewood, NJ 08701732-414-2834Grades 9-12, All Boys Yeshiva Yesodei Hatorah 708 Princeton Ave, Lakewood, NJ 08701732-370-3360Grades 10-11, All Boys Yeshivas Emek Hatorah 12 Sharon Ct, Lakewood, NJ 08701Grades 10-11, All Boys Yeshivas Ohr Yissochor 300 Cross St., Lakewood, NJ 08701732-901-7608Grades 9-12, All Boys Zecher Yochanan 123 Delaware Trl, Lakewood, NJ 08701732-942-4852Grades K-3, Coed Livingston Joseph Kushner Hebrew Academy 110 S Orange Ave NJ 07039973 597 1115 Kushner Yeshiva High School 110 S Orange Ave NJ 07039973 597 1115 Sinai Special Needs Institute 110 S Orange Ave NJ 07039973 597 0770 Manalapan Congregation Sons of Israel Nu Po Box 369 NJ 07726732 446 4924 Temple Beth Shalom 108 Freehold Rd NJ 07726732 446 1224 Temple Shaari Emeth Early Po Box 360 NJ 07726732 462 3264 Marlboro Marlboro Jewish Center Nursery 103 School Road West NJ 07746732 536 2303 Solomon Schechter Day School P O Box 203 NJ 07746732 431 5525 Morganville Shalom Torah Academy 70 Amboy Road NJ 07751732 4462121 Morristown Cheder Lubavitch 226 Sussex Avenue NJ 07960973 4550168 New Milford Solomon Schecter Day School of Bergen County 275 Mckinley Avenue NJ 07646201 2629898 Oakland Gerrard Berman Day School 45 Spruce St NJ 07436201 337 1111 Ocean Deal Yeshiva - Boys Division 1515 Logan Rd NJ 07712732 663 1717 Hillel High School 1027 Deal Road NJ 07712732 493 0420 Hillel Yeshiva School 1025 Deal Road, Ocean, NJ 07712732 493 9300Grades PK-12, Coed Ilan High School 120 Roseld Ave, Ocean, NJ 07712732-517-111Grades 9-12, All Girls Paramus The Frisch School 120 West Century Road, Paramus, NJ 07652201-267-9100Grades 9-12, Coed Frisch Yeshiva High School 243 Frisch Court NJ 07652201 845 0555 Yavneh Academy 155 N Farview Ave NJ 07652201 262 8494 Passaic Bais Yaakov of Passaic High School 181 Pennington NJ 07055973 365 0100 Mesivta Tiferes Rav Zvi Aryeh Zemel 15 Temple Place, Passaic, NJ 07055973 594 9001Grades 9-12, All Boys Ybh of Passaic 565 Broadway NJ 07055973 777 0735 Yeshiva Ktana of Passaic 249 Terhune Ave NJ 07055973 365 0100 Piscataway Yeshina Shaarei Tzion 51 Park Avenue NJ 08854732 235 0042 Yeshiva Shaarei Tzion Boys 120a Ethel Rd W NJ 08854732 777 0029 Randolph Hebrew Academy of Morris County 146 Dover Chester Road NJ 07869973 584 5530 River Edge Yeshiva of North Jersey 666 Kinderkamack Road NJ 07661201 986 1414 Rockaway White Meadow Temple School 153 White Meadow Road NJ 07866973 627 2511 Scotch Plains Nursery School-Jewish Community 1391 Martine Avenue NJ 07076908 889 8800 Short Hills Bnai Jeshurun Ecc 1025 S Orange Ave NJ 07078973 379 1555 South Orange Beth El Preschool Kindergarten 222 Irvington Ave NJ 07079973 763 0113 Mickey Fried Nursery School 170 Scotland Road NJ 07079973 762 7069 South River Moshe Aaron Yeshiva High Sch 34 Charles St NJ 08882732 613 7460 Springfield Temple Beth Ahm Preschool K 60 Temple Dr NJ 07081973 376 0539 Teaneck Maayanot Yeshiva High School for Girls 1650 Palisade Avenue, Teaneck, NJ 07666201 833 4307Grades 9-12, All Girls Sinai Schools - Special Education School 1485 Teaneck Rd, Suite 304, Teaneck, NJ 07666201-833-1134Grades 1-12, Coed Sinai Special Needs Institute 1650 Palisade Avenue NJ 07666201 833 9220 Sinai High School for Boys Special Needs Institute 1600 Queen Anne Rd, Teaneck, NJ 07666201 833 9220Grades 9-12, All Boys Torah Academy of Bergen 1600 Queen Anne Rd NJ 07666201 837 7696 Trenton Ring Kindergarten 999 Lower Ferry Road NJ 08628609 883 9550 Union City Mesivta Sanz 3400 New York Ave NJ 07087201 867 8690 Vineland Early Learning Center 1015 E Park Ave NJ 08360856 691 0811 Voorhees Early Childhood Center of Cong 8000 Main Street NJ 08043856 675 1162 Kellman Brown Academy 1007 Laurel Oak Road, Voorhees, NJ 08043856-697-2929Grades PK-8, Coed Warren Mountain Top Preschool Kindergarten 104 Mt. Horeb Road NJ 07059 732 748 9800 West Long Branch Deal Yeshiva 200 Wall Street Po Box 98 NJ 07764732 229 1717 Ma’or Yeshiva High School for Boys PO Box 254, West Long Branch, NJ 07764 West Orange Golda Och Academy (formerly Solomon Schechter Day School of Essex Union) 1418 Pleasant Valley, West Orange, NJ 07052973-602-3601Grades PK-12, Coed Jewish Comm Cnt Metro West 760 Northfield Avenue NJ 07052973 736 3200 Whippany Jewish Comm Cnt Metro West 901 Route 10-east NJ 07981973 929 2920 Wyckoff Beth Rishon Nursery School 585 Russell Avenue NJ 07481201 891 6074 Updated by Stacy Jagodowski  - See updates that need to be made? Tweet me stacyjago

Theories Relating to Child Abuse - 957 Words

Theories Relating to Child Abuse Child abuse relates to the behavioral or learning theory because â€Å"it sees human behavior as almost entirely determined through learning that takes place as a result of reinforcement of our behaviors by others or as a result of our observation of behaviors modeled by others† (Schriver, 2011). â€Å"Theories are necessary to explain and to contain the complexities of our lives† (Newberger, 1983). Based upon this theory, child abuse is a reflection of what is normalized in the household. Neglect and abuse in a home becomes a learned behavior and could take enormous amounts of therapy to correct these behaviors from continuing from generation to generation. This also connects with the theory of traditional family†¦show more content†¦Some reports receive alternative responses, which focus primarily upon the needs of the family and do not determine if a child was maltreated or is at-risk of maltreatment. During FFY 2012, CPS agencies received an estimated 3.4 million referrals involving approximately 6.3 million children. Among the 46 states that reported both screened-in and screened-out referrals, 62.0 percent of referrals were screened in and 38.0 percent were screened out. For FFY 2012, 2.1 million reports were screened in, had a CPS response, and received a disposition. The national rate of reports that received a disposition was 28.3 per 1,000 children in the national population. An analysis of 5 years’ worth of data on reports that received a response and resulted in a disposition reveals a relatively stable number of reports, with a slight and gradual increase in the rate of these reports, owing in part to a decrease in the child population.† (Childrens Bureau, 2013). Children of abuse According to the Children’s Bureau (2013) the highest rate of abuse and neglect is infants under the age of one year old. Secondary to the infancy abuse, boys were slightly less to be abused than girls by two percent and one percent was of unknown sex. The Children’s Bureau (2013) reported there were three ethnicities that ranked highest amongst all. From highest to lowest first were white decent, Hispanic and then African American. The greatest mode ofShow MoreRelatedBandura s Theory Of The Social Learning Theory952 Words   |  4 PagesDr. Albert Bandura, who is the creator of the social learning theory, suggest that individuals learn by examining others. Bandura’s theory is conceivably one of the most instrumental theory regarding learning and development. Bandura’s approach to the social learning theory is that we learn by observing and modeling the actions of those who are close to us. Bandura also suggested that our internal feelings and perception s helps us to learn through our cognitive behavior. Social learning additionallyRead MoreEssay on Munchausen Syndrome by Proxy: Sick Kid or Sick Parent?(4)1262 Words   |  6 PagesSyndrome by Proxy: Sick Kid or Sick Parent?(4) In relating the details of Munchausen Syndrome by Proxy (MSBP), the initial reaction is usually shock, followed quickly by fascination. The reason for the latter is that the medical community has yet to make up their minds about what exactly MSBP is. The debate: psychiatric disorder v. child abuse. Essentially the arguments for both create a divide between the brain and behavior, though not relating the two. Munchausen Syndrome is a condition manifestRead MoreA Child Who Has Disruptive Attachment Will Face Many Issues1575 Words   |  7 Pages A child who has disruptive attachment will face many issues during their lifetime. The areas that will be affected relate to their behaviour, emotional and also the relationship they have during childhood and into adulthood. These impacts due to grief, loss, abuse, maltreatment, parental health issues, could be mental or physical health related. These issues can be ongoing, temporary and yet will affect issues of their primary carer will be ongoing and affect every part of the child’s life (DoyleRead MoreIs Partner Violence A Serious Social Problem? Essay1654 Words   |  7 Pagesthirty-nine women whom survived abuse, leaving their abusive partner. The book shares the women’s stories of their years of suffering and pain and their efforts to escape to better their life for their dependent children and themselves. Sev’erâ€⠄¢s research covers multiple types of abuse the women faced including physical, sexual, economic, spiritual, or psychological abuse. Additionally, the women share their children’s witnessing the abuse and discuss how the abuse has effected their turn out. Sev’erRead MoreEssay on Unit 7 Ps3301380 Words   |  6 Pagesdevelopment? Put simply, developmental theories of personality follow quite closely the same developmental timetable as cognitive development. The Oral stage of Freud occurs during the Sensor motor period of Piaget; the anal stage, Pre-conceptual stage; the phallic stage, Concrete Operational Stage; the Latency period of Freud also occurs during the Concrete Operational stage; the Genital stage, Formal Operations. Erickson’s stages ad other stage theories follow a similar path. The ages of theseRead MoreThe Problem That Can Be The Most Challenging For Myself Essay727 Words   |  3 Pagesmyself is the one relating to the murder of a 4-year-old child. Personally speaking, it always considers an exasperate situation any case of child abuse or neglect. This scenario does not just tell of abuse or neglect of a child, but a child murder. As a human being, parent and teacher, a murdered of a 4year child is someone I would never want to encounter in my life. When it comes to children, any time someone causes pain to a child, considering that it could happen to my own child. In the case ofRead MoreChild Abuse Prevention and Treatment Act Essay1076 Words   |  5 PagesAccording to our textbook, Public Law 93-247 which is the Child Abuse Prevention and Treatment Act (CAPTA), came into effect on January 31, 1974. This law is regards to childhood maltreatment. The law implemented the National Center on Child Abuse and Neglect. Central agencies needed to be created in each individual state. The central agencies had to have legal authority to investigate and be able to prosecute cases that involved abuse and neglect. The States also had to develop their own definitionsRead MoreSocial Workers: Influence of the Ecological Approach on Social Practice1302 Words   |  6 Pagesoffers an effective method of relating children, young people and their families to their environment. 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Is childhood and the familyRead MoreA Summary On Adlerian Theory1302 Words   |  6 PagesAdlerian Theory Todd Overstreet Liberty University Abstract Adlerian theory, which is named after the famous psychotherapist Alfred Adler, is used mainly to give emphasis to birth order, theories relating to inferiority and superiority, individual life styles, and social interests as the main workings of personality. In Adlerian theory, mental well-being is decided by the degree of social contribution that is helpful to the greater community to the extent that one incorporates and advances

Essay on Age Discrimination Within The Workplace - 1993 Words

Age discrimination in employment, also known as job ageism, is a complex issue which impacts on many areas of Government policy and can have many implications for individuals themselves. Age discrimination can occur across the whole spectrum of employment and can affect both younger and older people. It can affect a person’s chances of getting a job, as well as their chances of promotion or development when in work. Age can also be a factor when employers decide who should be selected for termination. Ageism seems to be more common in the workplace than racism or sexism. Although only about 20% Of all complaints filed with the federal Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (EEOC) are for age discrimination, settlements and jury†¦show more content†¦It can affect workers in their twenties through the tendency to set arbitrary age limits in job advertisements as a substitute for a decision based on the merits of the applicants. It affects women over 35 and men over 40 who are trying to find new employment or change direction mid-career. Older unemployed workers experience greater difficulty finding work and suffer longer periods of unemployment than other age groups. The proposed legislation will oblige employers to abandon age stereotypes and assess individuals on their merits (Age Discrimination, 1993). There are also more subtle forms of age discrimination, where a person may not actually realize that they are discriminating on the grounds of age. This can take the form of assuming that an older person is less likely than a younger colleague to want to be considered for promotion or to go on a development course. In addition, some older workers themselves can doubt their own ability to learn new skills and may rule themselves out for opportunities. For instance, some older workers may feel they would not be able to learn about information technology when they have in fact been learning about developments in technology all their working lives. Elders vs. Youth There is a thin line between trying to help people who are most likely to experience age discrimination in employment so that they have the same opportunities as others, and positivelyShow MoreRelatedLiterature Review : The United States Essay1505 Words   |  7 Pageshistory in terms of discrimination towards women in the workplace. Such discrimination only increases when the events of childbirth are taken into account. When women give birth, they often opt to stay lengthy amounts of time with the members of the family as opposed to remaining in the workplace for the duration of their maternity leave. Thus, there is increased rates of discrimination towards these women specifically. 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I am going to foc us on the inequalities and who does what sort of work in the general workforce and more particularlyRead MoreDiscrimination And Discrimination Within The Workplace919 Words   |  4 PagesIntroduction Discrimination is defined as making a distinction in favor of or against a person or thing based on the group, class, or category to which that person or thing belongs to rather than on individual merit (definition 2). Discrimination does not just relate to just one meaning but several, and it can be described in many ways. This action is not only offensive but hurtful as well. Denying any individual a job because of their race, sexual orientation, religion, or gender is an example ofRead MoreDiscrimination In The Workplace Essay1379 Words   |  6 PagesResearch Title: Discrimination within the workplace: An insight into the experience of minority ethnic, race and age employees at the Turkish Airlines. Introduction: One of the most important problems of social life is the economic, social, cultural, demographic, etc. discrimination due to their different characteristics. Discrimination, often seen as one of the main problems of underdeveloped societies, is now seen in developing or developed countries, not only due to economic reasons. As the issueRead MoreDifferences Between Men And Women1420 Words   |  6 Pagescorrect thinking is obliterating important discussion as well as our awareness of the similarities and differences between men and women. The vision of equality between the sexes has narrowed the possibilities for discovery of what truly exists within a man and within a woman. The world is less interesting when everything is same. None of us would argue the fact that men and women are physically different. The physical differences are rather obvious and most of these can be seen and easily measured. WeightRead MoreAge Discrimination At The Workplace Essay1574 Words   |  7 PagesJea nie Gay Lewis Age Discrimination in the Workplace Human Resource Management Dr. Melissa Mann 9-20-2016 1 Introduction An all encompassing definition for age discrimination in the workplace is the practice of excluding applicants for hire or promotion based on the age of the individual. Related to the factor of age, age discrimination is an approach that does not focus on skill levels and job competency, and places emphasis on the calendar age of the individualRead MoreDiscrimination in the Workplace Essay1083 Words   |  5 Pagesthat workplace discrimination is not as common as it is widely thought to be. The survey results showed that most people in this day and age have never experienced discrimination. Out of the ten surveys conducted only one individual from the general public had experienced discrimination in the workplace. 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Smaller Public Companies and Sox Free Essays

string(193) " felt that this was unfeasible because larger companies were in a better financial position to handle the expense for consultant and external audit fees that came with the SOX 404 regulations\." Should Smaller Public Companies be Exempted from Complying with SOX Section 404(b)? ABSTACT On July 21, 2010 the Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act provided the non-accelerated public companies (those with a market capital below $75 million) a permanent exemption from complying with the Sarbanes-Oxley (SOX) Section 404(b). The Section 404(b) would have required these smaller companies to do what larger companies over the $75 million market cap are currently doing; requiring an external auditor to audit their internal controls over financial reporting. However, what may seem like a huge win for the smaller companies who long have complained about the cost out weighing the benefits of complying with the standard, does not appear that way to everyone. We will write a custom essay sample on Smaller Public Companies and Sox or any similar topic only for you Order Now INTRODUCTION Sarbanes-Oxley (SOX) Act Section’s 404 (a) and (b) were created to help restore the public’s trust in what public companies are reporting in their financial statements, as well as the opinions on the reports that the auditors are providing on the financial statements. SOX 404(a) implies that managements of public companies assess and report on whether their internal controls over financial reporting (ICFR) are effective (United States Securities and Exchange Commission [SEC], 2009); in order to ensure that those requirements in Section 404(a) are being met, public companies are required to have an external auditor attest to management’s assessment over the ICFR (SEC, 2009). While SOX 404(a) is required by all public companies, Section 404(b) was required only by large companies (those with a market cap greater that $75 million). As for the smaller public companies (those $75 million and under), they were granted numerous extensions and were eventually permanently exempted. The main purpose of SOX 404 was to alleviate the growing tension between investors, government agencies, and public companies. While the public trust is continuing to be restored, according to research and studies; unintended circumstances of the SOX 404 implementation caused massive financial burdens for smaller public companies (Garrett, 2009). The outcries from the small public companies were answered by numerous extensions on the compliance of SOX 404(b). This was in order to give these companies more time to get their internal controls in place for external auditors to attest to them. Finally, on July 21, 2010, the Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act (Dodd-Frank Act) was passed. The Dodd-Frank Act provided permanent exemption from complying with the SOX 404(b) for non- accelerated public companies (those with a market capital below $75 million) (Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform, 2010, pg. 83). As a result of this Act, another issue surfaced as to why permanently exempt the smaller companies from SOX 404(b). All public companies, to include smaller public companies, should be held to the same standards and be subject to the rules under SOX 404(b). Instead of permanently exempted them, the SEC should have came up with a way to make it more cost effective to comply. This paper will address arguments from both sides of the Dodd-Frank Act, and why smaller firms should be required to comply with SOX 404(b). ANALYSIS The permanent exemption comes as a relief for the small public companies as complying with SOX 404(a) has been very expensive and time consuming. By adding to the cost associated with complying with SOX 404(b), it would be more than they would be able to handle. A study conducted by Financial Executives International, showed that the cost of complying with SOX for those public companies whose market cap was under $100 million was approximately $824,000 compared to $1. million for those who market cap is between $100 million to $500 million, at the time the article was written (Wolkoff, 2005). Furthermore, Wolkoff (2005) goes on to say that at the AMEX median, the median revenue for its companies are $57 million, which means that for these companies to comply with SOX 404(b) it would cost close to 1. 5% of its median revenue(Wolkoff, 2005). Specifically, Wolkoff states that this could â€Å"severely† have a negative impact on these companies operating margins and †Å"in many cases to near zero — and depleting funds available for a reinvestment† (Wolkoff, 2005, pg. ). In addition, resources that could be used for other more important business needs would be diverted to costly â€Å"tedious documentation requirements†, and would not be worth the benefits derived (Garrett 2009, pg. 1). Even after the creation of Auditing Standard No. 5 (AS5), a study done by George Washington University, found that the decrease that larger public companies found with the relief provided from AS5 was not the case for smaller public companies (Garrett, 2009). Furthermore, NASDAQ research showed that based on revenue percentage it would cost 11 times more for smaller companies than larger companies to comply with SOX 404 (b), which creates an â€Å"unfair competitive advantage for larger companies† (Garrett, 2009 pg. 1-2). Not to mention that these smaller companies believe that the cost associated with SOX 404(b) far outweighs the benefits of compliance (Wolkoff, 2005). On the other hand, opponent’s of the Dobb-Frank Act believes that despite the George Washington University and NASDAQ studies, SOX 404 costs are still expected to go down and that the reduction is not only due to the implementation of AS5, but because of other factors. For instance, the cost of complying with SOX 404 is expected to continue to go down as companies continue to implement and document effective controls and move into the â€Å"maintenance phase of monitoring and reporting† (How Potential Changes in Small-Company, 2006, pg. 7). As this relates to SOX 404(b), this could also mean that once the external auditors have completed their first audit of the company’s internal controls and improvements are made based on the outcome of the audit, audit fees should go down because the audits will become easier since any ineffective internal controls should have been or is being addressed. Another SOX 404(b) obstacle that proponents of the Dobb-Frank Act believed threatened the small companies was that the Securities Exchange Commission (SEC) was trying to take a â€Å"one size fits all† approach. Meaning, the SEC was trying to use the same standards for both large and small companies when regulating corporate governance. Proponents felt that this was unfeasible because larger companies were in a better financial position to handle the expense for consultant and external audit fees that came with the SOX 404 regulations. You read "Smaller Public Companies and Sox" in category "Essay examples" For example, an increased auditing bill to $500 thousand for a company who has a $10 billion market cap would not have the same effect on a company with a market cap of $100 million (Wolkoff, 2005). Conversely, an analysis done by CRA International for the Big Four, reported that audit fees did not make up the majority of the cost associated with SOX 404. Specifically, the smaller of the larger companies that had to comply with all sections of SOX 404 (i. e. , those with market caps between $75 and $700 million); 35% of those costs were related to audit cost (How Potential Changes in Small-Company, 2006) as it relates to SOX 404(b). Additionally, those companies with a market cap over $700 million, only 26% were related to audit cost (How Potential Changes in Small-Company, 2006). Although the compliance with SOX 404(b) was implemented to restore investor’s confidence, Wolkoff (2005) states that in doing so caused a deterrent in the number of small firms that would go public both domestically and overseas. The Amex has seen the impact as the number of small companies that have delisted from the Exchange has increased (Wolkoff, 2005), and those that would have joined decided not to, which reduces the number of initial public offerings in the United States. The SOX Act, specifically, Sections 404(a) and (b), didn’t take into account that large companies have a more complex business structure, which makes for more complex accounting practices (Wolkoff, 2005). For example, the segregation of duties obstacles that many smaller companies are faced with and do not have the resources to fix this control problem. According to Wolkoff (2005), the SEC should have taken that into consideration the â€Å"market cap† or â€Å"minimal revenue† that a company generates and apply different standards accordingly (pg. 1). Another point that proponents of the Dobb-Frank Act made was that scandals like Enron are least likely to happen in smaller public companies. The reasoning behind this is that smaller companies are not normally out to cheat themselves. This is because these smaller companies are usually run by the people that founded the companies or closely related (Wolkoff, 2005). However, by requiring smaller public companies to comply with SOX 404(b), will not only ensure that they are in compliance with SOX 404(a), but it will also help these companies by uncovering inefficiencies in some processes. This in turn will help the companies because it will â€Å"†¦makes fraud harder to commit and easier to detect† (Aguilar, 2010, pg. 33). Especially since smaller companies are in a better position and at greater risk for committing fraud and accounting manipulations (Aguilar, 2010). Furthermore, who is to say those smaller companies’ investors do not deserve the same level of confidence and â€Å"financial reporting safeguards† that larger public companies’ investors are receiving (Solnik, 2010). In addition, studies have shown a correlation between â€Å"weak internal controls and poorer earnings relative to effective internal controls† (Hamilton, J. , 2009). In time of a declining economy, the temptations for fraudulent reporting is increased and by having smaller companies comply with SOX 404(b) serves as a deterrent for those temptations (Hamilton, J. , 2009). Lastly, smaller public companies feel that they have already spent a lot of money just to be in compliance with SOX 404(a), and do not feel the need to be monitored by external auditors. This is because they feel that are capable of monitoring, finding, and remediating deficiencies through internal audits (Solnik, 2010). However, as previously mentioned, SOX 404(b) was not only put in place to ensure that public companies were in compliance with SOX 404(a), but to also have it attested by an independent auditor. This not only helps restore investor’s confidence, but also provides the public companies beneficial information as to whether or not they have proper controls in place and/or additional controls are needed. Moreover, small companies may be putting themselves at risk especially, if the investors penalized them for not meeting the â€Å"transparency norms† that is projected by external auditors (Silverstein, 2008 pg. 26). Especially since there are approximately 7,300 smaller public companies, which accounts for 65% of the overall public companies (Hamilton, J. 2009). CONCLUSION While there are good cases made from both sides of the Dobb-Frank Act, permanently exempted smaller companies doesn’t solve the issue of ensuring compliance with SOX 404(a) is being followed. More importantly, it doesn’t provide the smaller public investors with the same confidences as large public investors as to whether or not the proper controls are in place, and/or whether the controls are effective. By having external auditors attest to ICFR it will provide the smaller companies’ investors the same boost of confidences as its larger counterparts. Instead of permanent exemption, other means should be looked at in order to make it to where it is cost effective to comply with SOX 404(b). Also, as recommended by the Key Advisory Committee, â€Å"[e]xempt some smaller public companies entirely from SOX 404 reporting requirements, but add stricter corporate governance requirements for those companies† (How Potential Changes in Small-Company, 2006, pg. 6). That way we will not have to wait until another scandal is made public to scramble and make these changes; as the old saying goes, â€Å"It’s not if, but when†. REFERENCES Aguilar,  M. (2010,  May). Small filers struggle with internal controls over fraud. Compliance Week,  7(76),  33,74. Retrieved from ABI/INFORM Trade Industry. Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act. Conference Report to Accompany H. R. 4173. House of Representative , 111th Cong. 583 (2010). Garrett, S. 2009. Garrett introduces SOX exemption for small businesses, Press release, Oct. 8,2009. Hamilton,  J. (2009, June). Section 404 works and is important for small companies, Aguilar feels. SEC Filings Insight,1,4. Retrieved from ABI/INFORM Global. How potential changes in small-company SOX regulations could affect your firm. (2006,  February). Accounting Office Management Administration Report,  06(2),  1,6+. Retrieved from ABI/INFORM Trade Industry Silverstein, M. (2008,  December). (Sarbanes-Oxley Revisited:) The Good, the Bad, the Lessons. New Jersey Business,  54(12),  26. Retrieved from ABI/INFORM Dateline Solnik, C. (2010,  July). Small companies push to gain permanent exemption from Sarbanes-Oxley requirement Silverstein nts. Long Island Business News. Retrieved from ABI/INFORM Dateline. United States Securities and Exchange Commission, Office of Economic Analysis. 2009). Study of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 Section 404 Internal Control over Financial Reporting Requirements. Retrieved from http://www. sec. gov/news/studies/2009/sox-404_study. pdf Whitehouse,  T. (2009,  April). SOX 404 Compliance Improves for All but the Small. Compliance Week,  6(63),  42-43. Retrieved from ABI/INFORM Trade Industry. Wolkoff, N. L   (2005,  August). Sarbanes-Oxley Is a Curse for Small-Cap Companies. Wa ll Street Journal (Eastern Edition),  p. A. 13. Retrieved from ABI/INFORM Global. How to cite Smaller Public Companies and Sox, Essay examples

Celebrity culture has a negative impact on teenagers free essay sample

Is it normal that seventy percent of the celebrities, male or female end up taking drugs or becoming alcoholic? Is our society like that? During the last twenty years many celebrities become stupidly rich, and don’t really know what to do with the money or how to manage those tremendous quantities. The necessity to spend it or waste it becomes more accentuated, and drugs may be a quick â€Å"solution† of wasting their money. But in most cases, they? re lives. Teenagers usually copy celebrity’s actions and looks they sometimes have them as role models. This can have two possible impacts on teenagers; negative or positive. When the star is a clear-minded, rational and healthy person, teenagers could make use of those blessings and maybe they want to emulate them so they can become great people. However, it doesn’t always end-up that way. Some famous people aren’t the most adequate role models someone can have. We will write a custom essay sample on Celebrity culture has a negative impact on teenagers or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Copying the wrong role model may have its consequences. Fashions and trends are often started by them and their extravagant ideas. Some people may argue that celebrities trail blaze new fashions and trends, which may give confidence and courage adolescents to stand out. However, the current fashion is for taking drugs, crash diets†¦For example, Paris Hilton became a fashion icon as she always wore pink and carried a small-scale chiguagua everywhere. Teens wanted to be just like her and it distracted girls on their studies as they only thought about wearing pink. Celebrities are said to inspire the world by giving advice about the errors and mistakes they did along the road. But is it really advice? Or just simple, meaningless and insignificant phrases which are systematically in our society. Famous quotes such as â€Å"As soon as you stop wanting something, you get it†-Andy Warhol may encourage to stop following their dreams and crashing their future objectives by just `stop wanting them? In my opinion, I think celebrity culture does has a negative effect on teenage life as a majority of them don’t show respect for the audience and admirers who appreciate their work and they don’t make a secret of alcohol or drug abuse and the glamorization of dying due to an overdose, or the culture of being walking skeletons which can alter teenager’s self image and might contribute to an eating disorder or low self-esteem.

Geographic and Social Mobility in Monterrey

Questions: 1. Assess the biomedical and social medical approaches to health and ill health. 2. you need to use three different sociological perspectives to discuss patterns and trends of health and illness in two chosen social groups. 3. you also need to evaluate your sociological explanation of the patterns and trends of health and ill health in the two social groups. Answers: Socio-Medical Model The models focus is on the various types of social factors which have a direct influence on any persons well being and health. It also keeps an eye on the facets of society for an individual like pollution, improper diet, inappropriate housing conditions, increasing poverty, etc. to take actions for the prevention of ill-health. The Socio-medical model tries to keep the health of any individual in the right track. It also defer the assumptions of the medical model and always try to consider numerous options available. The strengths of the Socio-Medical model can be attributed to the fact that it tries to encourage each and every individual to live a healthy life. It tries to find the root causes of the illness and work on them to eradicate them or prevent them from the base root. It is a fact that everyone knows that the medical condition of any individual can improve if his social conditions are improved. As far as the weakness is concerned, the socio-medical model fails in looking at the diseases from bio-medical perspective. The model does not have the flexibility to identify the cause of the illness if there is no symptoms present from the upper level (Baln, 2014). It fails to deliver at the time of emergency and cannot address the issues faced by the individual. It does not find people with the expertise to carry out any immediate response needed by the patient. Biomedical Model It is the model which is being used by most of the Health Care experts in all parts of the world. It is used to find out the nature of the medical issues being felt by the patients. This model aims at the health of an individual which is free from any defect, disease of pain. The model keeps a keen eye on the physical processes which can have an impact on the individuals health. The model suggests that an illness occurs due to any medical cause in the body and hence can be cured after the Health Care experts look at the issue. The person can lead a normal and healthy life after he or she has been cured. It leads to the trust of many individual to go for the bio-medical model. The strengths of the bio-medical model are that it focuses on the diagnosis of all the diseases from a scientific point of view. It bases all the assumptions on the prior research done by experts in that domain. It believes that the disease is caused due to some illness, and it can be cured by taking appropriate medication (Maslach, 2013). If required, the illness can be treated with the help of surgery or drugs. The symptoms shown by the body of the individual is closely followed, and an apt decision is taken after all the tests are done. It helps in leaving all the chances of failure out of the question. It becomes the greatest strength of this model. The weakness of the bio-medical model is that it fails to focus on the psychological factors related to any disease for an individual. In this model, there is little to no role of the individual in the treatment process (Barr, 2014). He undergoes the treatment by taking medication or by undergoing surgeries and then waits to get back to the normal condition. The model fails to look into the side effects which may come to the surface during the treatment of the individual. The side effects should be handled by the expert as and when it appears. You need to use three different sociological perspectives to discuss patterns and trends of health and illness in two chosen social groups Ethnic minority groups The ethnic minority groups live in very poor conditions. They are deprived of proper housing conditions. They tend to live in certain inner areas and also suffers from the high unemployment rate. The people are deprived of many necessities (Lowes, 2013). The lack of necessities is one of the sociological perspectives which shows the pattern of illness in the ethnic minority group. Due to this, the people of this origin face an issue in getting treated. Another perspective is the lack of good contacts due to biases for the black and white people within the ethnic groups. It also impairs the people from getting good response for health care facilities. The unemployment among the group is a major perspective which ultimately leads to the inability of the people to get themselves better illness treating facilities (British Medical Association, 2013). Socio-Economic Class The class of a person to which he/she belongs plays a very important role in the lifestyle. The access to various facilities also depends on the class of the people. A person of the higher socio-economic class will have access to better healthcare facilities and hence he can enjoy a better life expectancy. The health of that person is also expected to be better than the person present in a lower socio-economic group (Cockerham, 2014). It is because the person at the higher social group will be living in proper housing conditions, with better transport facilities and better environmental conditions. These will be inaccessible to the person at lower income group. This fact suggests that if the person is in the lower socio-economic group, the health and illness will be affected by the patterns and trends. These patterns will be of illness related conditions since the person is not getting adequate facilities to survive in a healthy manner. The social class of a person will greatly impac t the health of the person (Kaufmann, 2015). Social mobility of many societies has limited options. Many people, who born in any class tend to remain in the same class (Bjrnskov, 2013). It follows the suit of Marxism approach. The person at higher upper class will have many exceptional facilities like private health care etc. However, the people with lower income group will have to go to the public hospitals and get themselves treated in those conditions. From another perspective, the trend and patterns of health and illness can be seen from the way the people react to alcohol and smoking related habits. A person at the higher socio-economic group will have easy access to dangerous drugs and alcohols. However, it is up to them whether to go for it or not. The person who adopts these will have a lower life expectancy. On the other hand, a person at lower income group can also exercise these drugs and can decrease his or her life expectancy (Eyles, 2014). However, if the person at lower income group also do regular exercise and remain parted with these drugs and alcohol, then his life expectancy will also increase. If a person performs the responsibilities in a well-defined manner, he can try to move up the ladder from lower income group to the higher income group. You also need to evaluate your sociological explanation of the patterns and trends of health and ill health in the two social groups In this section, it is tried to continue the previous sections and finally, come to the conclusion. This will be done by evaluating the sociological explanations by the social groups so chosen. Natural Social Selection This explanation suggests that the persons low social class is not the primary reason behind the increase in illness and mortality rates. People will be in lower class because of the ill health. The possible reasons for this include the weakness and low metabolism in the ill health people which will force them to quit and will not be ready for getting success and promotion (Gabe, 2014). There is a weakness to the Natural Social Selection that there is not enough proof to project the cause of ill health. The strength of this explanation is that the absence of energy can be related to ill health, and it can be corrected so as to eradicate the ill health conditions. Cultural or behavioral explanations Cultural and behavioral explanation tend to project the ways the behaviour of the people impacts their choices. The behaviour of the lower class people is such that they tend to drink more and smoke heavily. It causes their health to deteriorate. The choice of these people will lead them to face several diseases and can also lead to certain chronic ailments from which they might never recover (Herz, 2015). The weakness of the behavioural explanation is that it tends to have a bias regarding the lower income people and act in a stereotypical manner. It shows that lower income group people get involved in smoking and drinking activities but these can be exercised by higher income group people as well. The strength can be that if the lower economic class people try to control the behaviour and take care of eating and drinking habits, then he may move up the social ladder. References Baln, J., Browning, H. L., Jelin, E. (2014). Men in a developing society: Geographic and social mobility in Monterrey, Mexico (Vol. 30). University of Texas Press. Barr, D. A. (2014). Health disparities in the United States: Social class, race, ethnicity, and health. JHU Press. Bjrnskov, C., Dreher, A., Fischer, J. A., Schnellenbach, J., Gehring, K. (2013). Inequality and happiness: When perceived social mobility and economic reality do not match. Journal of Economic Behavior Organization, 91, 75-92. British Medical Association. (2013). Health and environmental impact assessment: an integrated approach. Routledge. Cockerham, W. C. (2014). Medical sociology. John Wiley Sons, Ltd. Dahl, E., van der Wel, K. A. (2013). Educational inequalities in health in European welfare states: a social expenditure approach. Social Science Medicine, 81, 60-69. Eyles, J., Woods, K. J. (2014). The Social Geography of Medicine and Health (RLE Social Cultural Geography). Routledge. Gabe, J., Monaghan, L. (2013). Key concepts in medical sociology. Sage. Herz, L. (2015). Growing into poverty? Social Mobility and Child Poverty in Welfare States. Kaufmann, V., Viry, G. (2015). High Mobility as Social Phenomenon. In High Mobility in Europe (pp. 1-15). Palgrave Macmillan UK. Lowes, L., Hulatt, I. (Eds.). (2013). Involving service users in health and social care research. Routledge. Maslach, C., Jackson, S. E. (2013). A social psychological analysis. Social psychology of health and illness, 227.